From the oldest times, when glaciers covering the territory of Lithuania moved away, in the lands along the Neris people lived – nomadic deer hunters, who migrated from western and south-western Europe. On the sandy terraces of the Neris strands, short-term encampments of hunters, collectors and fishermen used to establish. In such places, flint tools and stone hatchets are found. The majority of them belong to the third and second millenniums B.C., however older ones are also found: in the territory of the Neris Regional Park, near Pugainiai village, a camp of the late Palaeolithic of the ninth millennium B.C. has been tracked.

    On the riversides of the Neris, later ages have left much more and more varied archaeological monuments. In the second millennium B.C., in the Neris river basin, the first eastern Baltic culture was forming – lined ceramics culture. This kind of culture, which existed in a big territory of present Belarus and eastern Lithuania in the first millennium B.C., split into two parts in the 4^th century. In the western part of Narutis lakes in Belarus, barrows area has formed in eastern Lithuania, which is attributed to a Lithuanian tribe. These times are called “the golden age” of the Baltic cultures. They learned to produce iron from local swamp ore, started to live sedentarily, settlements were establishing by the mounds, agriculture was developing. The Neris was the biggest and the most important river of these lands, near it in the 13^th century, the core of the Lithuanian State formed, and eventually, the state having expanded, all the people of the tribes living in it were started to call Lithuanians.

    The vast majority of the cultural heritage objects existing in the territory of the Neris Regional Park namely belong to the period of the formation of the Lithuanian tribe and to the establishment of the Lithuanian State.  

    In the 13^th century, the capital having moved from Kernavė to Vilnius, which was growing stronger, the importance of the other castles decreased. The abandoned castles between the two old capitals fell into decay, leaving stories in the memories of local people about the churches, which were sunk in the mounds. 

    The further destiny of this region is very much related to the political events of those times. In 1385, signing the Krėva Union Paper, Jogaila (a Grand Duke of Lithuania) promised to accept the christening and to join the Lithuanian lands to Poland. In Lithuania, dioceses of Vilnius and Telšiai were formed, which were subordinate to Gneznas bishop; Polish priests came to parishes.

    In 1569, the Lublin Union Paper joined Lithuania and Poland into one state, where Poland played the dominant role. That changed the destiny of Vilnius vicinities. 

    In the beautiful lands of the Neris riversides from the 16^th century, manors were settling. Landlords of Vilnius vicinities built churches in their lands, which have been charming by their architecture so far. The Polish language prevailed in the manors and started to spread among peasants, especially among living closer to the manors, which were Polishized.

    At the end of the 17^th century, after the division of the Republic, Russia got all the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Vilnius. Czarina gave the king’s former manors and a part of the lands of the churches to her favourites. The older landlords were not satisfied with that therefore during Napoleon’s military invasion, which began shortly, they supported the French. Facing Vilnius, the French army, moving down the Petersburg-Warsaw tract, which went along the southern edge of the Neris Regional Park, divided into several parts and surrounded the city. In some places, the troops had to find fords across the Neris. In the French generals’ diaries of that time, villages of the Neris Regional Park are mentioned, existing near the convenient places for the passing across the Neris: Karageliškės, Ausieniškės, Airėnai. Returning from Moscow, the French army, having lost, was not met so joyfully, because it robbed the people, who happened to live in the places on its way. So far in the villages of the Neris riversides, people tell about the cruel behaviour of the starving French, about the booty hidden in different places. 

    The rebellions of 1831 and 1863 against the power of the czarist Russia had a great influence on the economic and cultural development of this region. After they had lost, the lands of the manors and churches were taken, people were sent into exile, and Russian peasants were brought instead. Fortunately, these repressions have not totally ruined the exiting culture of the manors. Many enlightened people of that time, longing for the former majesty of the Lithuanian State, were interested in its past, culture and language very much. The descriptions of Vilnius vicinities by Mr L. Kondratovičius – Sirokomlė and Mr K. Tiškevičius, which were inherited from that time, mention a lot of localities existing in the Neris Regional Park. The book by K.Tiškevičius called “Neris ir jos krantai” (“The Neris and Its Banks”) published in 1871 has not lost its historical, ethnologic, and scientific value even today.

    The First World War that started in 1914 changed destinies of many people and countries. In 1918, having favourable historical circumstances, Lithuania at last could declare an independent state with its capital in Vilnius. However, the following events were not favourable to Vilnius region. The region was occupied by Poland, and the occupation continued up to the Second World War.

    Though after the war, Lithuania regained Vilnius region, the occupation government of the Soviet Union carried out repressions and exiles. At that time, from Vilnius region many landlords and educated people, who were not in time to retreat to the West, were sent to exile. In 1944 - 1947 the Polish nationality people were allowed to repatriate to Poland, so 178 000 people left. Vilnius vicinities got empty having lost one third of the inhabitants, the most powerful Vilnius farmers and landlords among them. At that time, manors decayed in the territory of the Neris Regional Park and vicinities. The crosses and chapels in the villages were demolished. Immigrants mostly from Russia came to live instead of the departed local inhabitants. 
    Strangers, who did not know the history of this region and did not try to preserve the existing monuments here, most often managed the establishing collective farms. In the Soviet years, the protection of cultural monuments was declared, however at that time, in the present territory of the Neris Regional Park, a lot of barrows, old burial-grounds, and mythological stones were ruined.  

    In 1990, when Lithuania regained its independence, and in 1992, when the Neris Regional Park was established, a strong legal foundation was laid for the protection of the cultural values existing in this territory.

    At present, in the territory of the park, there are 7 hill forts, 4 ancient settlements, 15 barrow yards or isolated barrows, and a lot of mythological stones. However it seems, in such a well-investigated territory, cultural objects that have not been known so far are still discovered.